Russia was banned from the 2018 Olympic Winter Games in Pyeongchang by the International Olympic Committee (IOC).
The IOC has found evidence of an "unprecedented systematic manipulation" of the anti-doping system that has led to a series of suspensions for the country's athletes in recent months.
The IOC did not impose a blanket ban on Russia before the Rio 2016 Summer Games, but said on Tuesday that the evidence brought to light by the Schmid Commission has made the doping situation impossible to challenge.
It has suspended Russia, which finished top medals at its own 2014 Olympic Winter Games in Sochi, from next year's Games in South Korea which will run from February 9th to February 25th. .
However, in order to protect the "innocent athletes", the door was left open for the Russians to compete as "Russia's Olympic athlete", provided they met strict conditions that would show that they do not have doping.
The IOC also decided to suspend Russian Olympic Committee (ROC) President Alexander Zhukov as IOC member, while Russian Deputy Prime Minister Vitaly Mutko, Sports Minister at the time of the Sochi Games, was also excluded from the Olympics.
Former Switzerland President Samuel Schmid told a news conference his report focusing on allegations of government involvement in Russian doping at the Sochi Games confirmed “the systematic manipulation of the anti-doping rules and system”.
Schmid said the results were not based only on testimony by Russia’s former anti-doping chief-turned-whistleblower Grigory Rodchenkov, but there was also scientific evidence, witness statements, documents and correspondence.
“The facts are that in Russia there was systemic manipulation of doping and the anti-doping system… that also took place at Sochi 2014,” added Schmid.
IOC President Thomas Bach said: ”Today we gave the Russian delegation the opportunity to express themselves. In this meeting, this afternoon the president of ROC (Russian Olympic Committee) has apologized.
“As a former athlete, I am feeling very sorry for all the clean athletes who are suffering from this manipulation… but because we are allowing clean athletes to participate they can set about building a bridge for the future (rather) than erecting a new wall between Russia and the Olympic movement.”
Zhukov described the IOC decision as contradictory.
“There are positive and negative sides. The IOC has allowed all clean athletes in all sports,” he said.
Other Russians were more forthright, with Alexei Kravtsov, president of the Russian Skating Union, saying: ”The decision is offensive, insulting and completely unjustified.
“I consider that this decision will deal a great blow to the whole Olympic movement.”
Alexei Kurashov, president of the Russian freestyle federation, added: ”The Olympic movement has discredited itself and there will be fundamental consequences to this.
“These are not the principles of Olympism. I can’t say that the activities of the IOC are honest.”
U.S. Senator John McCain, a frequent critic of the Kremlin, praised the IOC announcement.
“The International Olympic decision to ban Russia from the 2018 Winter Olympics is a welcome step in serving justice to Vladimir Putin’s government for its elaborate doping scheme in 2014,” he said in a statement.
Former Switzerland President Samuel Schmid told a news conference his report focusing on allegations of government involvement in Russian doping at the Sochi Games confirmed “the systematic manipulation of the anti-doping rules and system”.
Schmid said the results were not based only on testimony by Russia’s former anti-doping chief-turned-whistleblower Grigory Rodchenkov, but there was also scientific evidence, witness statements, documents and correspondence.
“The facts are that in Russia there was systemic manipulation of doping and the anti-doping system… that also took place at Sochi 2014,” added Schmid.
IOC President Thomas Bach said: ”Today we gave the Russian delegation the opportunity to express themselves. In this meeting, this afternoon the president of ROC (Russian Olympic Committee) has apologized.
“As a former athlete, I am feeling very sorry for all the clean athletes who are suffering from this manipulation… but because we are allowing clean athletes to participate they can set about building a bridge for the future (rather) than erecting a new wall between Russia and the Olympic movement.”
Zhukov described the IOC decision as contradictory.
“There are positive and negative sides. The IOC has allowed all clean athletes in all sports,” he said.
Other Russians were more forthright, with Alexei Kravtsov, president of the Russian Skating Union, saying: ”The decision is offensive, insulting and completely unjustified.
“I consider that this decision will deal a great blow to the whole Olympic movement.”
Alexei Kurashov, president of the Russian freestyle federation, added: ”The Olympic movement has discredited itself and there will be fundamental consequences to this.
“These are not the principles of Olympism. I can’t say that the activities of the IOC are honest.”
U.S. Senator John McCain, a frequent critic of the Kremlin, praised the IOC announcement.
“The International Olympic decision to ban Russia from the 2018 Winter Olympics is a welcome step in serving justice to Vladimir Putin’s government for its elaborate doping scheme in 2014,” he said in a statement.
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